In this review
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A large-scale study published in The Lancet Planetary Health suggests that exposure to fine particulate air pollution during pregnancy may significantly increase the risk of stillbirth, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
What the Study Looked At
Researchers analyzed data from 54 countries, covering nearly 45,000 stillbirths and more than 66,000 live births. They examined daily exposure to PM2.5 (fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers) during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Key findings include:
- For every 10 microgram-per-cubic-meter increase in PM2.5 exposure, the risk of stillbirth increased by 11%.
- The association was strongest in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, where PM2.5 levels frequently exceed global safety standards.
- The third trimester appeared to be the most vulnerable period, though some risk persisted throughout pregnancy.
What Is PM2.5?
PM2.5 refers to tiny particles from vehicle emissions, wildfires, industrial activity, and even indoor cooking stoves. Because they’re so small, these particles can pass into the lungs and bloodstream - crossing the placenta and affecting fetal development.
What This Means for Moms
Most pregnant women don’t have control over air quality, but awareness is power. Even in countries with relatively low pollution, brief periods of high exposure (like wildfire smoke or high-traffic urban areas) may carry added risk during pregnancy.
How to Reduce Your Exposure
- Use a HEPA air purifier in your home, especially in the bedroom.
- Check the Air Quality Index (AQI) regularly and stay indoors on high-pollution days.
- Avoid outdoor exercise near busy roads or industrial zones.
- Use N95 masks during wildfire season or air quality alerts.
The Bottom Line
Clean air isn’t just about comfort - it could be critical for pregnancy health. This study underscores the importance of environmental factors in maternal care and highlights why protecting air quality should be a public health priority.
Read the research: The Lancet Planetary Health, 2024
